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01. Introduction: The Great Philosophers

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01. Introduction: The Great Philosophers⁰¹.

First revision: Mar.28, 2024
Last change: Jul.29, 2024
Searched, Gathered, Rearranged, and Compiled by Apirak Kanchanakongkha.

Someone gave an opinion. The meaning covers many words. There are many definitions of the word philosophy (Greek: φιλοσοφία), such as

"Paññā" (Pali and Sanskrit mean "enlightened knowledge," "knowledge," "prudence," "intelligence"), "principle of knowledge," "vijjā," "truth," "sajjadhamma (pali)," "true state," and "suddhi (pali)," etc. Different societies have developed philosophies related to clarifying knowledge and truth. ⁰².
The Thai Royal Institute Dictionary defines "Philosophy" as "the subject of principles of knowledge and truth." According to the English translation, philosophy is borrowed from French and has roots in Greek and Latin. "philosophy" is also related to the word "Wisdom," which means Correct diagnosis, enlightened knowledge, and intelligence.⁰².

Bertrand Russell, source: commons.wikimedia.org, access date: Apr.24, 2024.

01. The Ancient World: 700 BCE.-250 CE.

	Quotes & The Philosophers	Notes
A01	Everything is made of water Thales of Miletus	Pre-Socrates Philosopher
A02	The Dao that can be told is not the eternal Dao Laozi
A03	Number is the ruler of forms and ideas Pythagoras
A04	Happy is he who has overcome his ego Siddhartha Gautama
A05	Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles Confucius
A06	Everything is flux Heraclitus
A07	All is one Parmenides
A08	Man is the measure of all things Protagoras
A09	When one throws to me a peach, I return to him a plum. Mozi
A10	Nothing exists except atoms and empty space. Democritus and Leucippus
A11	The life which is unexamined is not worth living. Socrates
A12	Earthly knowledge is but shadow. Plato
A13	Truth resides in the world around us. Aristotle
A14	Death is nothing to us. Epicurus
A15	He has the most who is most content with the least. Diogenes of Sinope
A16	The goal of life is living in agreement with nature. Zeno of Citium

This image is from a piece of a 1383 ship kept at the Bologna Museum in Italy. The source is medievalimago.org, and the access date is April 2, 2024.

02. The Medieval World: 250-1500 CE.

	Quotes & The Philosophers	Notes
B01	God is not the parent of evils St.Augustine of Hippo
B02	God foresees our free thoughts and actions Boethius
B03	The soul is distinct from the body Avicenna
B04	Just by thinking about God, we can know he exists St.Anselm
B05	Philosophy and religion are not incompatible Averroes
B06	God has no attributes Moses maimonides
B07	Don't grieve. Anything you lose comes round in another form Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi
B08	The universe has not always existed St.Thomas Aquinas
B09	God is the not-other Nikolaus von Kues
B10	To know nothing is the happiest life Desiderius Erasmus

The Birth of Venus, Italian painter: Sandro Botticelli, c. 1480, important work of the Renaissance, Florence, Italy, source: theculturetrip.com, date accessed: April 5, 2024.

03. Renaissance and The Age of Reason: 1500-1750 CE.

	Quotes & The Philosophers	Notes
C01	The end justifies the means Niccolò Machiavelli
C02	Fame and tranquillity can never be bedfellows Michel de Montaigne
C03	Knowledge is power Francis Bacon
C04	Man is a machine Thomas Hobbes
C05	I think therefore I am René Descartes
C06	Imagination decides everything Blaise Pascal
C07	God is the cause of all things, which are in him Benedictus Spinoza
C08	No man's knowledge here can go beyond his experience John Locke
C09	There are two kinds of truths: truths of reasoning and truths of fact Gottfried Leibniz
C10	To be is to be perceived George Berkeley

The Tennis Court Oath, 20th June 1789 - Jacques Louis David, source: art-prints-on-demand.com, access date: Apr.06, 2024.

04. The Age of Revolution: 1750-1900 CE.

	Quotes & The Philosophers	Notes
D01	Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd Voltaire
D02	Custom is the great guide of human life David Hume
D03	Man was born free yet everywhere he is in Chains Jean-Jacques Rousseau
D04	Man is an animal that makes bargains Adam Smith
D05	There are two worlds: our bodies and the external world Immanuel Kant
D06	Society is indeed a contract Edmund Burke
D07	The greatest happiness for the greatest number Jeremy Bentham
D08	The mind has no gender Mary Wollstonecraft
D09	What sort of philosophy one chooses depends on what sort of person one is Johann Gottlieb Fitchte
D10	About no subject is there less philosophizing than about philosophy Friedrich Schlegel
D11	Reality is a historical process Georg Hegel
D12	Every man takes the limits of his own field of vision for the limits of the world Arthur Schopenhauer
D13	Theology is anthropology Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach
D14	Over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign John Stuart Mill
D15	Anxiety is the dizziness of freedom Søren Kierkegaard
D16	The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles Karl Marx
D17	Must the citizen ever resign his conscience to the legislator? Henry David Thoreau
D18	Consider what effects things have Charles Sanders Peirce
D19	Act as if what you do makes a difference William James

The Modern World (Generated by AI, Adobe Illustrator), generated date: April 9, 2024

05. The Modern World: 1900-1950 CE.

	Quotes & The Philosophers	Notes
E01	Man is something to be surpassed Friedrich Nietzsche
E02	Man with self-confidence come and see and conquer Ahad Ha'am
E03	Every message is made of signs Ferdinand de Saussure
E04	Experience by itself is not science Edmund Husserl
E05	Intuition goes in the very direction of life Henri Bergson
E06	We only think when we are confronted with problems John Dewey
E07	Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it George Santayana
E08	It is only suffering that makes us persons Miguel de Unamuno
E09	Believe in life William du Bois
E10	The road to happiness lies in an organized diminution of work Bertrand Russell
E11	Love is a bridge from poorer to richer knowledge Max Scheler
E12	Only as an individual can man become a philosopher Karl Jaspers
E13	Life is a series of collisions with the future José Ortega y Gasset
E14	To philosophize, first one must confess Hajime Tanabe
E15	The limits of my language are the limits of my world Ludwig Wittgenstein
E16	We are ourselves the entities to be analysed Martin Heidegger
E17	The individual's only true moral choice is through self-sacrifice for the community Tetsuro Watsuji
E18	Logic is the last scientific ingredient of Philosophy Rudolf Carnap
E19	The only way of knowing a person is to love them without hope Walter Benjamin
E20	That which is cannot be true Herbert Marcuse
E21	History does not belong to us but we belong to it Hans-Georg Gadamer
E22	In so far as a scientific statement speaks about reality, it must be falsifiable Karl Popper
E23	Intelligence is a moral category Theodor Adorno
E24	Existence precedes essence Jean-Paul Sartre
E25	The banality of evil Hannah Arendt
E26	Reason lives in language Emmanuel Levinas
E27	In order to see the world we must break with our familiar acceptance of it Maurice Merleau-Ponty
E28	Man is defined as a human being and woman as a female Simone de Beauvoir
E29	Language is a social art Willard Van Orman Quine
E30	The fundamental sense of freedom is freedom from chains Isaiah Berlin
E31	Think like a mountain Arne Naess
E32	Life will be lived all the better if it has no meaning Albert Camus

Contemporary Philosophy, generated by Bing CoPilot AI, was generated on April 13, 2024.

06. Contemporary Philosophy: 1950-Present

	Quotes & The Philosophers	Notes
F01	Language is a skin Roland Barthes
F02	How would we manage without a culture? Mary Midgley
F03	Normal science does not aim at novelties of fact or theory Thomas Kuhn
F04	The principles of justice are chosen behind a veil of ignorance John Rawls
F05	Art is a form of life Richard Wollheim
F06	Anything goes Paul Feyerabend
F07	Knowledge is produced to be sold Jean-François Lyotard
F08	For the black man, there is only one destiny and it is white Frantz Fanon
F09	Man is an invention of recent date Michel Foucault
F10	If we choose, we can live in a world of comforting illusion Noam Chomsky
F11	Society is dependent upon a criticism of its own traditions Jürgen Habermas
F12	There is nothing outside of the text Jacques Derrida
F13	There is nothing deep down inside us except what we have put there ourselves Richard Rorty
F14	Every desire has a relation to madness Luce Irigaray
F15	Every empire tells itself and the world that it is unlike all other empires Edward Said
F16	Thought has always worked by opposition Hélène Cixous
F17	Who plays God in present-day feminism? Julia Kristeva
F18	Philosophy is not only a written enterprise Henry Odera Oruka
F19	In suffering, the animals are our equals Peter Singer
F20	All the best Marxist analyses are always analyses of a failure Slavoj Žižek

Terminology, description, and origin:
⁰¹. Use the main table of contents structure. The Philosophy Book, ISBN: 978-1-4053-5329-8, co-authored by Will Buckingham, John Marenbon, Douglas Burnham, Marcus Weeks, Clive Hill, Peter J. King and many others, DK Publishing, published. As of 2011, Slovakia.
⁰². From. Pridi Banomyong Institute website, access date:Apr. 15, 2024.

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