()Agni was developed on July 1, 2024.
A03. Introduction - Pantheon of Gods 1
First revision: Feb.9, 2023
Last change: Sep.23, 2025
Searched, gathered, rearranged, translated, and compiled by Apirak Kanchanakongkha.
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Váruṇa, the god of the sky, water, and celestial ocean, source: sreenivasaraos.com, access date: Feb.17, 2023.
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Dyēus Phter: The Original Sky-Father, source: https://starkeycomics.com/2020/06/16/dyeus-phter/, access date: Aug.14, 2025.
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Dyaus Pitr - (Father daylight) and Pṛthvī, source: bloghemasic.blogspot.com, access date: Aug.13, 2025.
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Mitra (left) in a 9th-century Buddhist or 4th-century AD sculpture at Taq-e Bostan, western Iran, source: en.wikipedia.org, accessed date: May 16, 2022.
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God Soma, source: www.thehinduportal.com, access date: Aug.31, 2025.1. 1.
See detailed in https://www.thehinduportal.com/2014/01/god-soma-brief-description-about-action.html#gsc.tab=0
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Ahura Maza, Faravahar at Persepolis, Iran, source: www.worldhistory.org, access date: Sep.3, 2025.
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The Ādityas (आदित्य) refer to the twelve sons born of goddess Aditi (अदिति) and sage Kaśyapa (कश्यप).
Consisting of:
1). Sun (Vivasvan or Sūrya)
2). Aryaman
3). Tvashtr
4). Savitr
5). Bhaga
6). Dhatr
7). Mitra
8). Varuna
9). Amsha
10). Pusan
11). Indra
12). Vishnu (In the form of Vamana)
Signs of the Zodiac, source: www.pysanky.info, access date: Sep.15, 2025.1.
Or Dvādaśāditya (द्वादशादित्य) as it appears in the Agni Purāna (51st chapter) as a table of names of the twelve sun signs, months and their colors.
1). Varuṇa. April. Meṣa (Aries). Black.
2). Sūrya (Sun). Rṣabha (Taurus). Blood-colored.
3). Sahasrāṃśu. June. Mithuna (Gemini). Slightly red-colored.
4). Dhātā. Cancer. Yellow.
5). Tapana. Singha. Siṃha (Leo). White.
6). Savitā. September. Kanyā (Virgo). Pure white.
7). Gabhasti. October. Tulā (Libra). Tawny-colored.
8). Ravi. November. Vṛścika (Scorpio). Yellow.
9). Parjanya. Sagittarius. Parrot-colored.
10). Tvaṣṭā Makara (Capricorn) Snow-white.
11). Mitra Kumbha (Aquarius) Smoky-hued.
12). Viṣṇu* Mina (Pisces) Blue.
*This passage appears in the Mahabharata. The poet Kālidāsa (कालिदास) adapted it to fit his writing, Abhijñāna-Śākuntala (अभिज्ञान शाकुन्तलम्). Some parts may differ from the Mahabharata in the writings of other poets. 2. The names of the suns appear in various Puranas. The names given here are based on the Agni Purana.
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Goddess Aditi was developed on Sep.18, 2025.
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Indra was developed on August 13, 2024.
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Vivasvat or Sūrya, Found in a Brahmin Temple in New Delhi, Bharat, source: fr.wikipedia.org, access date: Aug.1, 2024
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Savitṛ, source:
https://x.com/Kalakavrikshiya/status/1752310928106987577/photo/2, access date: Sep. 22, 2025.
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Savitṛ has a physique with golden hands. He is full of human qualities like generosity, reverence, obedience, desire, feeling of ownership and benevolence. He dislikes interfering in other's affairs.
He has a cosmic character. He is actually the personification of the sun. This great god is basically an instigator. He in his capacity as lord of instigation, impels all beings and natural agents to do their respective duties, His instigation is also instrumental in annihilating all evils. Though Savitṛ is associated with all the three worlds, he connected mainly with the heaven. He has connection with northern and western quarters.
The Aitareya-brāhmaṇa (7.4.2) equates the rising sun with Savitṛ. Savitṛ's equation with prāṇa (Aitareya-brāhmaṇa I. 4.2 and 3.3. 5) also bears evidence of the same because the sun is known as prāṇa (Aitareya-brāhmaṇa 5.5. 6)
Savitṛ is the god of fertility and vegetation. He is the life-giving force and is the source of all mundane activities. He has bestowed longevity and is the protector of physiques of all beings. What is worth mentioning is that Savitṛ himself is immortal.Savitṛ is connected with the vedas specially with the Sāmaveda. He has connection with all the metres. But his own metre. is Uṣṇik. He has intimate relation with the cult of sacrifice too. He is associated with various sacrificial formulas, all sacrificial rites, sacrificial priests and oblations. But his connection with the Āśvinaśatra, Prāyaniya and Vaiśvadeva rites deserves special mention. A libation of butter is his own share. He receives Soma-libation in the morning and particularly in the third pressings of the Soma-sacrifice.
Savitṛ has a weakness for human being. He maintains a cordial relation with other deities. He is one of the Ādityas. The Ṛbhus are his students. He is intimately associated with Prajāpati, Indra, Soma, Aśvins, Varuṇa, Aditi and with several other deities. The presence of human qualities in Savitṛ, his physique and various activities, his place in the cult of sacrifice and his mention as a preceptor of Ṛbhus (Aitareya-brāhmaṇa 3.3.6) makes him as an important god. (source: https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/essay/aitareya-brahmana-analysis/d/doc1599241.html, access date: Sep.22, 2025)
References:
01. from. "The Illustrated Mahabharata: A Definitive Guide to India's Greatest Epic," ISBN: 978-0-2412-6434-8, Penguin Random House, 2017, printed and bound in China, www.dk.com.
02. from. www.wisdomlib.org.
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