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A03. Introduction - The Major Characters of the Ramayana

Hanumān kills Military commander rākṣasa, and Indrajit captures Hanumān (Ramkien - An adapted Rāmāyaṇa to Thai Culture), wall paintings inside the Emerald Buddha Temple, Bangkok, Thailand (in "Ramakien" - Thai adapted Rāmāyaṇa epics ), taken on July 2, 2023.
A03. Introduction - The Major Characters of the Rāmāyaṇa

First revision: Jun.04, 2023
Last change: Jul.02, 2023
Searched, Gathered, Rearranged, Translated, and Compiled by Apirak Kanchanakongkha.

Rāvaṇa or Todsagan (Ramkien - An adapted Rāmāyaṇa to Thai Culture), wall paintings inside the Emerald Buddha Temple, Bangkok, Thailand (in "Ramakien" - Thai adapted Rāmāyaṇa epics ), taken on July 2, 2023.

Kubera, God of Wealth, Treasurer of the Devas, source: www.silpathai.net, access date: June 13, 2023.

Rāvaṇa rocks Mount Kailash at South West corner pavilion, Angkor Wat, Siem Reap, Cambodia; took a picture on Oct.20, 2018.

Khon Thai (Thai Culture Drama) episode "Vibhīṣaṇa Submit Allegiance - Thai called Phiphek Sawamipak," source: www.thairath.co.th, access date: June 19, 2023.

Puṣpaka, source: www.wisdomlib.org, access date: June 21, 2023.

The rākṣasas try to rouse the giant Kumbhakarṇa by hitting him with weapons, clubs and shouting in his ear, 17^th century, British Museum, source: www.wikiwand.com, access date: June 22 2023.

Lakṣmaṇa cutting Śūrpaṇakhā's nose, source: en.wikipedia.org, access date: June 27, 2023.

Opaque watercolor painting of Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa seated on the arms of Kabandha. Kabandha is substantially attached to long, strong arms and short legs. He has flame-like reddish hair sports a mustache, and vibhuti (cow dung ash) and a tripundra (three horizontal lines) on his forehead. He wears a fillet around his head and various types gs…, source: www.britishmuseam.org, access date: June 30, 2023.

References:
⁰¹. from. "The Illustrated Ramayana: The Timeless Epic of Duty, Love, and Redemption," ISBN: 978-0-2414-7376-4, Penguin Random House, 2017, Printed and bound in China, www.dk.com.
⁰². from. "The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki - THE COMPLETE ENGLISH TRANSLATION," Translated by Robert P. Goldman, Sally J. Sutherland Goldman, Rosalind Lefeber, Sheldon I. Pollock, and Barend A. van Nooten, Revised and Edited by Robert P. Goldman และ Sally J. Sutherland Goldman, ISBN 978-0-6912-0686-8, 2021, Princeton University Press, Printed in the United States of America.

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